Neurons in the brainstem are sensitive to phase shifts between both ears. Oster applied this concept to medical conditions in 1973.īBs are referred to as central beats because the interaction of the auditory stimuli most likely occurs in the superior olivary nuclei in the brainstem. For example, if 400 Hz plays in the right ear and 440 Hz on the left, the brain will be entrained in 40 Hz. Īs a noninvasive brain stimulation method, binaural beats (BB) are characterized as a slight difference of frequencies played simultaneously to the ears, stimulating a brain wave in a frequency proportional to the difference of frequency. In line with this characteristic, increased gamma-band power improved the top-down control of feature bindings. Neural synchronization in the gamma frequency is often linked to short-range communication within brain areas, while long-range communication relates to neuronal phase locking in slower frequency bands. This role includes the representation and offline maintenance of events and sequences of events, the assessment of novelty, the induction of plasticity during encoding, and the consolidation and retrieval of stored memories. Literature suggests that cortical theta, alpha, and gamma bands play a mechanistic role in multiple aspects of memory. Working memory (WM) is not completely distinct from short-term memory and refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of small amounts of information over brief periods of time. Memory functions are associated with oscillations of electrical activity in the brain and can be classified into long and short-term. Hence, we suggest that other aspects of EEG data, such as connectivity and correlations with task performance, should also be analyzed for future studies. We concluded that brain entrainment was not achieved with our parameters of gamma-BB stimulation when analyzing EEG power spectral density (PSD) and memory task performance. The results showed no significant changes in the memory task performance or the EEG data when comparing experimental and control conditions. Both EEG data and memory task performance were analyzed. To better understand the relationship between BB stim and memory, we collected electroencephalographic data (EEG) from 30 subjects in 3 phases-a baseline, with gamma-BB stim, and control stim-in a rest state, with eyes closed, and while performing memory tasks. Although the literature is not conclusive regarding the effects of BB stimulation (stim) on memory, some studies have shown that gamma-BB stim (40 Hz) can increase attentional focusing and improve visual working memory. Studies have shown that binaural beats (BB) can stimulate the brain through sound, affecting working memory function. Similar to short-term memory, working memory cannot hold information for a long period of time.
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